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Natural History

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Pliny the Elder • 248 chapters

  1. 1 Preface
  2. 2 The Life and Writings of Pliny

Book I. Dedication. C. Plinius Secundus to His Friend Titus Vespasian.

1 chapter

  1. 3 Dedication

Book II. An Account of the World and the Elements.

11 chapters

  1. 4 Chaps. 1-5.
  2. 5 Chaps. 6-8.
  3. 6 Chaps. 9-14.
  4. 7 Chaps. 15-27.
  5. 8 Chaps. 28-46.
  6. 9 Chaps. 47-58.
  7. 10 Chaps. 59-68.
  8. 11 Chaps. 69-83.
  9. 12 Chaps. 84-99.
  10. 13 Chaps. 100-108.
  11. 14 Chaps. 109-113.

Book III. An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mountains, Rivers, Distances, and Peoples Who Now Exist or Formerly Existed. Introduction.

10 chapters

  1. 15 Chaps. 1-3.
  2. 16 Chap. 4.
  3. 17 Chaps. 5-7.
  4. 18 Chap. 8.
  5. 19 Chap. 9.
  6. 20 Chaps. 10-14.
  7. 21 Chaps. 15-17.
  8. 22 Chaps. 18-20.
  9. 23 Chaps. 21-25.
  10. 24 Chaps. 26-30.

Book IV. An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mountains, Rivers, Distances, and Peoples Who Now Exist or Formerly Existed.

9 chapters

  1. 25 Chaps. 1-7.
  2. 26 Chaps. 8-14.
  3. 27 Chaps. 15-17.
  4. 28 Chaps. 18-20.
  5. 29 Chaps. 21-24.
  6. 30 Chaps. 25-26.
  7. 31 Chaps. 27-28.
  8. 32 Chaps. 29-33.
  9. 33 Chaps. 34-37.

Book V. An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mountains, Rivers, Distances, and Peoples Who Now Exist or Formerly Existed.

11 chapters

  1. 34 Chap. 1.
  2. 35 Chaps. 2-4.
  3. 36 Chaps. 5-8.
  4. 37 Chaps. 9-10.
  5. 38 Chaps. 11-14.
  6. 39 Chaps. 15-18.
  7. 40 Chaps. 19-23.
  8. 41 Chaps. 24-29.
  9. 42 Chaps. 30-32.
  10. 43 Chaps. 33-38.
  11. 44 Chaps. 39-44.

Book VI. An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mountains, Rivers, Distances, and Peoples Who Now Exist, or Formerly Existed.

10 chapters

  1. 45 Chaps. 1-4.
  2. 46 Chaps. 5-13.
  3. 47 Chaps. 14-18.
  4. 48 Chaps. 19-22.
  5. 49 Chaps. 23-24.
  6. 50 Chaps. 25-28.
  7. 51 Chaps. 29-31.
  8. 52 Chaps. 32-33.
  9. 53 Chaps. 34-35.
  10. 54 Chaps. 36-39.

Book VII. Man, His Birth, His Organization, and the Invention of the Arts.

11 chapters

  1. 55 Chap. 1.
  2. 56 Chap. 2.
  3. 57 Chaps. 3-10.
  4. 58 Chaps. 11-19.
  5. 59 Chaps. 20-29.
  6. 60 Chaps. 30-39.
  7. 61 Chaps. 40-46.
  8. 62 Chaps. 47-52.
  9. 63 Chaps. 53-56.
  10. 64 Chap. 57.
  11. 65 Chaps. 58-60.

Book VIII. The Nature of the Terrestrial Animals.

9 chapters

  1. 66 Chaps. 1-9.
  2. 67 Chaps. 10-20.
  3. 68 Chaps. 21-33.
  4. 69 Chaps. 34-42.
  5. 70 Chaps. 43-54.
  6. 71 Chaps. 55-65.
  7. 72 Chaps. 66-72.
  8. 73 Chaps. 73-78.
  9. 74 Chaps. 79-84.

Book IX. The Natural History of Fishes.

11 chapters

  1. 75 Chaps. 1-6.
  2. 76 Chaps. 7-14.
  3. 77 Chaps. 15-21.
  4. 78 Chaps. 22-28.
  5. 79 Chaps. 29-38.
  6. 80 Chaps. 39-47.
  7. 81 Chaps. 48-53.
  8. 82 Chaps. 54-59.
  9. 83 Chaps. 60-67.
  10. 84 Chaps. 68-74.
  11. 85 Chaps. 75-88.

Book X. The Natural History of Birds.

6 chapters

  1. 86 Chaps. 1-11.
  2. 87 Chaps. 12-32.
  3. 88 Chaps. 33-50.
  4. 89 Chaps. 51-67.
  5. 90 Chaps. 68-82.
  6. 91 Chaps. 83-98.
  1. 92 Greek and Roman Money, Weights, and Measures Mentioned by Pliny

Book XI. The Various Kinds of Insects.

7 chapters

  1. 93 Chaps. 1-15.
  2. 94 Chaps. 16-29.
  3. 95 Chaps. 30-43.
  4. 96 Chaps. 44-61.
  5. 97 Chaps. 62-78.
  6. 98 Chaps. 79-98.
  7. 99 Chaps. 99-119.

Book XII. The Natural History of Trees.

5 chapters

  1. 100 Chaps. 1-14.
  2. 101 Chaps. 15-30.
  3. 102 Chaps. 31-40.
  4. 103 Chaps. 41-53.
  5. 104 Chaps. 54-63.

Book XIII. The Natural History of Exotic Trees, and an Account of Unguents.

4 chapters

  1. 105 Chaps. 1-7.
  2. 106 Chaps. 8-20.
  3. 107 Chaps. 21-32.
  4. 108 Chaps. 33-52.

Book XIV. The Natural History of the Fruit Trees.

5 chapters

  1. 109 Chaps. 3-4.
  2. 110 Chaps. 5-8.
  3. 111 Chaps. 9-17.
  4. 112 Chaps. 18-25.
  5. 113 Chaps. 26-29.

Book XV. The Natural History of the Fruit-trees.

5 chapters

  1. 114 Chaps. 1-7.
  2. 115 Chaps. 8-17.
  3. 116 Chaps. 18-23.
  4. 117 Chaps. 24-33.
  5. 118 Chaps. 34-40.

Book XVI. The Natural History of the Forest Trees.

8 chapters

  1. 119 Chaps. 1-9.
  2. 120 Chaps. 10-22.
  3. 121 Chaps. 23-33.
  4. 122 Chaps. 34-47.
  5. 123 Chaps. 48-61.
  6. 124 Chaps. 62-71.
  7. 125 Chaps. 72-79.
  8. 126 Chaps. 80-95.

Book XVII. The Natural History of the Cultivated Trees.

8 chapters

  1. 127 Chaps. 1-3.
  2. 128 Chaps. 4-13.
  3. 129 Chaps. 14-21.
  4. 130 Chaps. 22-29.
  5. 131 Chaps. 30-34.
  6. 132 Chap. 35.
  7. 133 Chaps. 36-37.
  8. 134 Chaps. 38-47.

Book XVIII. The Natural History of Grain.

10 chapters

  1. 135 Chaps. 1-6.
  2. 136 Chaps. 7-11.
  3. 137 Chaps. 12-23.
  4. 138 Chaps. 24-37.
  5. 139 Chaps. 38-48.
  6. 140 Chaps. 49-57.
  7. 141 Chaps. 58-66.
  8. 142 Chaps. 67-69.
  9. 143 Chaps. 70-76.
  10. 144 Chaps. 77-90.

Book XIX. The Nature and Cultivation of Flax, and an Account of Various Garden Plants.

6 chapters

  1. 145 Chaps. 1-8.
  2. 146 Chaps. 9-19.
  3. 147 Chaps. 20-28.
  4. 148 Chaps. 29-36.
  5. 149 Chaps. 37-44.
  6. 150 Chaps. 45-62.

Book XX. Remedies Derived from the Garden Plants.

8 chapters

  1. 151 Chaps. 1-13.
  2. 152 Chaps. 14-25.
  3. 153 Chaps. 26-38.
  4. 154 Chaps. 39-50.
  5. 155 Chaps. 51-59.
  6. 156 Chaps. 60-77.
  7. 157 Chaps. 78-88.
  8. 158 Chaps. 89-100.

Book XXI. An Account of Flowers, and Those Used for Chaplets More Particularly.

6 chapters

  1. 159 Chaps. 1-13.
  2. 160 Chaps. 14-29.
  3. 161 Chaps. 30-47.
  4. 162 Chaps. 48-67.
  5. 163 Chaps. 68-85.
  6. 164 Chaps. 86-109.

Book XXII. The Properties of Plants and Fruits.

5 chapters

  1. 165 Chaps. 1-14.
  2. 166 Chaps. 15-29.
  3. 167 Chaps. 30-46.
  4. 168 Chaps. 47-59.
  5. 169 Chaps. 60-82.

Book XXIII. The Remedies Derived from the Cultivated Trees.

5 chapters

  1. 170 Chaps. 1-19.
  2. 171 Chaps. 20-31.
  3. 172 Chaps. 32-53.
  4. 173 Chaps. 54-70.
  5. 174 Chaps. 71-83.

Book XXIV. The Remedies Derived from the Forest Trees.

6 chapters

  1. 175 Chaps. 1-19.
  2. 176 Chaps. 20-36.
  3. 177 Chaps. 37-53.
  4. 178 Chaps. 54-75.
  5. 179 Chaps. 76-100.
  6. 180 Chaps. 101-120.

Book XXV. The Natural History of the Wild Plants.

5 chapters

  1. 181 Chaps. 1-16.
  2. 182 Chaps. 17-35.
  3. 183 Chaps. 36-58.
  4. 184 Chaps. 59-91.
  5. 185 Chaps. 92-110.

Book XXVI. A Continuation of the Remedies Derived from Plants, Classified According to Particular Diseases.

5 chapters

  1. 186 Chaps. 1-16.
  2. 187 Chaps. 17-38.
  3. 188 Chaps. 39-62.
  4. 189 Chaps. 63-82.
  5. 190 Chaps. 83-93.

Book XXVII. A Description of Plants, and of the Remedies Derived from Them.

4 chapters

  1. 191 Chaps. 1-22.
  2. 192 Chaps. 23-54.
  3. 193 Chaps. 55-91.
  4. 194 Chaps. 92-120.

Book XXVIII. Remedies Derived from Living Creatures.

7 chapters

  1. 195 Chaps. 1-6.
  2. 196 Chaps. 7-19.
  3. 197 Chaps. 20-28.
  4. 198 Chaps. 29-41.
  5. 199 Chaps. 42-50.
  6. 200 Chaps. 51-66.
  7. 201 Chaps. 67-81.

Book XXIX. Remedies Derived from Living Creatures.

4 chapters

  1. 202 Chaps. 1-9.
  2. 203 Chaps. 10-21.
  3. 204 Chaps. 22-34.
  4. 205 Chaps. 35-39.

Book XXX. Remedies Derived from Living Creatures.

4 chapters

  1. 206 Chaps. 1-10.
  2. 207 Chaps. 11-21.
  3. 208 Chaps. 22-35.
  4. 209 Chaps. 36-53.

Book XXXI. Remedies Derived from the Aquatic Productions.

4 chapters

  1. 210 Chaps. 1-21.
  2. 211 Chaps. 22-33.
  3. 212 Chaps. 34-44.
  4. 213 Chaps. 45-47.

Book XXXII. Remedies Derived from Aquatic Animals.

5 chapters

  1. 214 Chaps. 1-13.
  2. 215 Chaps. 14-21.
  3. 216 Chaps. 22-31.
  4. 217 Chaps. 32-46.
  5. 218 Chaps. 47-54.

Book XXXIII. The Natural History of Metals.

6 chapters

  1. 219 Chaps. 1-6.
  2. 220 Chaps. 7-16.
  3. 221 Chaps. 17-25.
  4. 222 Chaps. 26-36.
  5. 223 Chaps. 37-50.
  6. 224 Chaps. 51-58.

Book XXXIV. The Natural History of Metals.

6 chapters

  1. 225 Chaps. 1-12.
  2. 226 Chaps. 13-18.
  3. 227 Chap. 19.
  4. 228 Chaps. 20-31.
  5. 229 Chaps. 32-44.
  6. 230 Chaps. 45-56.

Book XXXV. An Account of Paintings and Colours.

6 chapters

  1. 231 Chaps. 1-13.
  2. 232 Chaps. 14-35.
  3. 233 Chap. 36.
  4. 234 Chaps. 37-40.
  5. 235 Chaps. 41-50.
  6. 236 Chaps. 51-59.

Book XXXVI. The Natural History of Stones.

6 chapters

  1. 237 Chaps. 1-4.
  2. 238 Chaps. 5-15.
  3. 239 Chaps. 16-23.
  4. 240 Chaps. 24-28.
  5. 241 Chaps. 29-49.
  6. 242 Chaps. 50-70.

Book XXXVII. The Natural History of Precious Stones.

6 chapters

  1. 243 Chaps. 1-10.
  2. 244 Chaps. 11-17.
  3. 245 Chaps. 18-29.
  4. 246 Chaps. 30-52.
  5. 247 Chaps. 53-62.
  6. 248 Chaps. 63-77.