True,
he said, “I did forget it.” “Observe, then, Glaucon,” said I, “that we shall not be wronging, either, the philosophers who arise among us, but that we can justify our action when we constrain them to take charge of the other citizens and be their guardians. Footnote 1Noblesse oblige.
This idea is now a commonplace of communist orations. For we will say to them that it is natural that men of similar quality who spring up in other cities should not share in the labors there. For they grow up spontaneously Footnote 2αὐτόματοι Cf. Protag. 320 A, Euthyd. 282 C. For the thought that there are a few men naturally good in any state cf. also Laws 951 B, 642 C-D. from no volition of the government in the several states, and it is justice that the self-grown, indebted to none for its breeding, should not be zealous either to pay to anyone the price of its nurture. Footnote 3Cf. Isoc. Archidamus 108 ἀποδῶμεν τὰ τροφεῖα τῇ πατρίδι
. Stallbaum refers also to Phoenissae 44. For the country as τροφός see Vol. I. p. 303, note e on 414 E. But you we have engendered for yourselves and the rest of the city to be, as it were, king-bees Footnote 4Cf. Polit. 301 D-E, Xen. Cyr. v.1.24, Oecon. 7.32-33. and leaders in the hive. You have received a better and more complete education Footnote 5For τελεώτερον . . . πεπαιδευμένους Cf. Prot. 342 E τελέως πεπαιδευμένου
. than the others, and you are more capable of sharing both ways of life. Down you must go Footnote 6They must descend into the cave again. Cf. 539 E and Laws 803 B-C. Cf. Burnet, Early Greek Philos. 89-90: it was he alone, so far as we know, that insisted on philosophers descending by turns into the cave from which they had been released and coming to the help of their former fellow-prisoners.
He agrees with Stewart (Myths of Plato, p. 252, n. 2) that Plato had in mind the Orphic κατάβασις εἰς Ἅιδου to rescue the spirits in prison.
Cf. Wright, Harvard Studies, xvii. p. 139 and Complete Poems of Henry More, pp. xix-xx All which is agreeable to that opinion of Plato: That some descend hither to declare the Being and Nature of the Gods; and for the greater Health, Purity and Perfection of this Lower World.
This is taking Plato somewhat too literally and confusing him with Plotinus. then, each in his turn, to the habitation of the others and accustom yourselves to the observation of the obscure things there. For once habituated you will discern them infinitely Footnote 7For μυρίῳ cf. Eurip. Androm. 701. better than the dwellers there, and you will know what each of the idols
Footnote 8i.e. images, Bacon’s idols of the den.
is and whereof it is a semblance, because you have seen the reality of the beautiful, the just and the good. So our city will be governed by us and you with waking minds, and not, as most cities now which are inhabited and ruled darkly as in a dream Footnote 9Plato is fond of the contrast, ὕπαρ . . . ὄναρ. Cf. 476 C, Phaedr. 277 D, Phileb. 36 E, 65 E, Polit. 277 D, 278 E, Theaet. 158 B, Rep. 574 D, 576 B, Tim. 71 E, Laws 969 B, also 533 B-C. by men who fight one another for shadows Footnote 10Cf. on 586 C, p. 393. and wrangle for office as if that were a great good, when the truth is that the city in which those who are to rule are least eager to hold office Footnote 11Cf. on 517 C, p. 131, note 3. must needs be best administered and most free from dissension, and the state that gets the contrary type of ruler will be the opposite of this.” “By all means,” he said. “Will our alumni, then, disobey us when we tell them this, and will they refuse to share in the labors of state each in his turn while permitted to dwell the most of the time with one another in that purer world Footnote 12The world of ideas, the upper world as opposed to that of the cave. Cf. Stallbaum ad loc. ?” Impossible,
he said: “for we shall be imposing just commands on men who are just. Yet they will assuredly approach office as an unavoidable necessity, Footnote 13Cf. Vol. I. p. 80, note b on 347 C. and in the opposite temper from that of the present rulers in our cities.”
Book 7