To such a city, then, or constitution I apply the terms good Footnote 1Cf. on 427 E, and Newman, Introduction to Aristotle Politics p. 14; for ὀρθή, normal, see p. 423. and right—and to the corresponding kind of man; but the others I describe as bad and mistaken, if this one is right, in respect both to the administration of states and to the formation Footnote 2κατασκευήν: a highly general word not to be pressed in this periphrasis. Cf. Gorgias 455 E, 477 B. of the character of the individual soul, they falling under four forms of badness.
What are these,
he said. And I was going on Footnote 3Cf. 562 C, Theaetetus 180 C, Stein on Herodotus i. 5. For the transition here to the digression of books V., VI., and VII. cf. Introduction p. xvii, Phaedo 84 C. Digression
need not imply that these books were not a part of the original design. to enumerate them in what seemed to me the order of their evolution Footnote 4μεταβαίνειν: the word is half technical. Cf. 547 C, 550 D, Laws 676 A, 736 D-E, 894 A. from one another, when Polemarchus—he sat at some little distance Footnote 5ἀπωτέρω absolutely. Cf. Cratinus 229 Kock ὄνοι κάθηνται τῆς λύρας ἀπωτέρω
. from Adeimantus—stretched forth his hand, and, taking hold of his garment Footnote 6Cf. 327 B. from above by the shoulder, drew the other toward him and, leaning forward himself, spoke a few words in his ear, of which we overheard nothing Footnote 7Cf. 359 E. else save only this, Shall we let him off, Footnote 8Cf. on 327 C. then,
he said, or what shall we do?
By no means,
said Adeimantus, now raising his voice. What, pray,
Footnote 9Cf. 337 D, 343 B, 421 C, 612 C, Laches 188 E, Meno 80 B. There is a play on the double meaning, What, pray?
and Why, pray?
said I, is it that you are not letting off?
You,
said he. And for what reason, pray?
said I. We think you are a slacker,
he said, and are trying to cheat Footnote 10Cf. Sophocles Trach. 437. us out of a whole division, Footnote 11So Isocrates xv. 74
ὅλοις εἴδεσι
. and that not the least, of the argument to avoid the trouble of expounding it, and expect to get away with it
by observing thus lightly that, of course, in respect to women and children it is obvious to everybody that the possessions of friends will be in common. Footnote 12Cf. 424 A, Laws 739 C. Aristotle says that the possessions of friends should be separate in ownership but common in use, as at Sparta. Cf. Newman, Introduction to Aristotle Politics p. 201, Epicurus in Diogenes Laertius x. 11, Aristotle Politics 1263 a 30 ff., Euripides Andromache 270. Well, isn’t that right, Adeimantus?
I said. Yes,
said he, but this word
right,
Footnote 13Cf. 459 D, Laws 668 D, Aristotle Politics 1269 b 13, Shakespeare Tro. and Cre. I. i. 23 But here’s yet in the word hereafter the kneading, the making of the cake,
etc. like other things, requires defining Footnote 14Cf. Laws 665 B 7. as to the way Footnote 15Cf. Aristotle Politics 1264 a 12. and manner of such a community. There might be many ways. Don’t, then, pass over the one that you Footnote 16Emphatic. Cf. 427 E. have in mind. For we have long been lying in wait for you, expecting that you would say something both of the procreation of children and their bringing up, Footnote 17γενομένους: a noun is supplied from the preceding verb. Cf. on 598 C, and on 341 D. and would explain the whole matter of the community of women and children of which you speak. We think that the right or wrong management of this makes a great difference, all the difference in the world, Footnote 18μέγα . . . καὶ ὅλον: cf. 469 C, 527 C, Phaedo 79 E, Laws 779 B, 944 C, Symposium 188 D, Demosthenes ii. 22, Aeschylus Prom. 961. in the constitution of a state;
Book 5