Ath. And the part concerned with bodily motion possesses, in common with vocal motion, rhythm; besides which it possesses gesture as its own peculiar attribute, just as tune is the peculiar attribute of vocal motion.
Clin. Very true.
Ath. Now the vocal actions which pertain to the training of the soul in excellence we ventured somehow to name music.
Clin. And rightly so.
Ath. As regards the bodily actions which we called playful dancing,—if such action attains to bodily excellence, we may term the technical guidance of the body to this end gymnastic.
Clin. Quite rightly.
Ath. As to music, which was referred to when we said a moment ago that the one half of choristry had been described and disposed of,—let us say the same of it now; but as to the other half, are we to speak about it, or what are we to do?
Clin. My good sir, you are conversing with Cretans and Lacedaemonians, and we have discussed the subject of music; what reply, then, to your question do you suppose that either of us will make, when the subject left still untouched is gymnastic?
Ath. You have given me a pretty clear answer, I should say, in putting this question; although it is a question, I understand it to be also (as I say) an answer—or rather, an actual injunction to give a full account of gymnastic.
Clin. You have grasped my meaning excellently: please do so.
Ath. Do it I must; and indeed it is no very hard task to speak of things well known to you both. For you are far better acquainted with this art than with the other.
Clin. That is about true.
Ath. The origin of the play Footnote 1i.e. playful motion, or dancing, as contrasted with music
(or harmony
) which springs from the tendency to cry outc. we are speaking of
is to be found in the habitual tendency of every living creature to leap; and the human creature, by acquiring, as we said, a sense of rhythm, generated and brought forth dancing; and since the rhythm is suggested and awakened by the tune, the union of these two brought forth choristry and play.
Clin. Very true.
Ath. Of choristry we have already discussed the one part, and we shall next endeavor to discuss the other part.
Clin. By all means.
Ath. But, if you both agree, let us first put the finishing stroke to our discourse on the use of drink.
Clin. What, or what kind of, finish do you mean?
Ath. If a State shall make use of the institution now mentioned in a lawful and orderly manner, regarding it in a serious light and practising it with a view to temperance, and if in like manner and with a like object, aiming at the mastery of them, it shall allow indulgence in all other pleasures,—then they must all be made use of in the manner described.